Endocrine Abstracts

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is usually caused by single adenoma. Functional parathyroid cysts are a rare cause of PHPT. Parathyroid cysts can be subdivided into nonfunctional, without biochemical derangement, or functional, with elevated serum calcium accompanying clinical evidence of hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid cysts are found in the neck and anterior mediastinum. Functional parathyroid cysts are not only secretary but larger cysts can lead to compression symptoms...

Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a very rare but typically aggressive malignancy. About one to three quarters of ACC is functioning with excess hormonal production.Case: A 44-year-old female patient was admitted to out-patient clinic with obesity, oligomenorrhea and abdominal pain. She had central obesity, buffalo hump, and palpable flank mass. Hypertension, transient ischemic attack, and epilepsy history was present.S...

Introduction: Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs) are sometimes accompanied by well-differentiated carcinomas (WDCs), and ATCs have been speculated to be dedifferentiated from the preexisting or coexisting WDCs. We will present two cases determined with both ATC and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC.)Case 1: A 82-year-old woman was investigated due to a painful neck mass. Thyroid function tests were normal. Thyroid ultrasonography revealed isohypoechoic ...

When follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) is diagnosed, 25% of the patients extrathyroidal invasion, 5–10% lymphatic metastasis and 10–20% distant metastasis are determined. The most common site of distant metastases of FTC is the lung, followed by the bone. The incidence of skull metastasis of FTC is about 2.5–5.8%. Skull metastasis of FTC was located in the skull base and occipital area.Case: A 60-year-old man admitted at 2006. He was oper...

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a prevalent endocrinologic disease and the most common cause of hypercalcemia. PHPT usually affects the elderly. PHPT younger than 40 years of age is less frequent. In young patients especially for ones younger than 30 years of age, screening for familial syndromes such as MEN 1 and MEN 2A is recommended. However, in most of the cases genetic tests are negative and evidence for other endocrine components are absent. Herein th...

Objective: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a clinical condition characterized by hypercalcemia-specific symptoms and signs caused by excessive secretion of parathormone. After the evaluation of blood calcium measurements within routine tests, the frequency of hyperparathyroidism increased and there is a marked decrease in the frequency of classical symptoms and signs. Recently, most PHPT cases are detected in the asymptomatic period, and which of these asymptomatic patie...

Background: Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) and Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) have proven to be the most valuable diagnostic procedure for preoperative discrimination of benign and malignant thyroid nodules. Thyroid surgery may cause regional scarring and some degree of fibrotic process which may result in problems when collecting FNAB samples and evaluating the cellular abnormalities. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the Bethesd...

Introduction: Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) is the gold standard test to differentiate Cushing’s disease from ectopic Cushing syndrome. IPSS may cause severe complications; however, overall rates are low. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been rarely reported after IPSS. Here we report a case who developed hypertensive emergency, left 6th cranial nerve palsy, and SAH after IPSS.Case: A sixty-two years-old female patient had a history of h...

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) antibodies, have become promising treatments for a variety of advanced malignancies. Nivolumab, an anti–PD-1 monoclonal Ab, is an effective treatment of unresectable metastatic melanoma, non–small cell lung cancer, renal cell carcinoma, head and neck cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, and gastric cancer. These medicines can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including endocrino...

Atypical tumors were identified in 15% of pituitary adenomas, and they tended to be aggressive, invasive macroadenomas. WHO classification of atypical pituitary adenomas include; Ki-67 proliferative index >3%, excessive p53 immunoreactivity, and ≥ 2 mitotic figures per 10 high-powered fields. Pituitary carcinomas are extremely rare tumors with cerebrospinal or extracranial metastasis.Case: A 31 years old man with symptoms of stuffy nose and sno...